Hidden in the mountainous massifs of the Andes, Colca Canyon is among the must-see destinations for an adventurous trip to Peru. A stay in the mountainous region of Arequipa would be incomplete without visiting the world's 2nd deepest canyon. Nature enthusiasts will be captivated, as this rugged terrain—alternating between valleys, rivers, erupting geysers and rushing waterfalls—offers spectacular beauty. The abundance of wildlife and flora promises fascinating discoveries. Inhabited by indigenous peoples, the Cabanas and Collaguas, Colca's lush and wild terrain also holds surprises for those curious about craftsmanship, festivals and culture.

History

The canyon is part of the Colca valley, Peru's 2nd must-see destination after Machu Picchu. This valley was born from the formation of a fault in the earth's crust that widened over time through erosion. The Colca River played a major role in eroding this fault.

The Colca valley held significant importance in Incan society: despite the harshness of the natural environment, inhabitants settled in the heart of the valley. Over thousands of years, they mastered their surroundings; dry crops arranged in terraces dominate the mountain slopes, with rainwater channeled through irrigation canals. During the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, the Collaguas and Cabanas were the principal inhabitants of Colca. The Spanish subsequently discovered gold, silver and copper mines.

Around 1920, two pilots flew over the valley during an expedition. Robert Shippe and George Johnson made the discovery of Colca Canyon.

Colca Canyon: An Unmissable Peruvian Destination

Colca Canyon lies 200 km north of Arequipa province, in southern Peru. Once the world's deepest canyon at 3,400 m, it is twice as deep as the American Grand Canyon. More recently, Cotahuasi Canyon was discovered in the northwest of Arequipa, 400 km from the city. At 3,535 m deep, it surpassed Colca Canyon.

Immerse yourself in the Andean world by mingling with Colca's inhabitants, who wear traditional clothing in vibrant colors. Across the valley's 100 km, admire the agricultural terraces stretching endlessly built by countless generations of canyon peoples. During your journey to Peru, Colca Canyon is the finest place to observe the Andean condor. The surrounding villages and many other fascinating sites await you.

What to See?

Colca's Landscapes

Beyond the agricultural terraces on the mountainsides, the canyon is traversed by the Colca River, which stretches 374 km in length. Along the route to the canyon, you'll glimpse volcanoes and glaciers in the distance. Volcanic peaks such as Ampato (6,310 m), Hualca Hualca (6,025 m) and Huarancante (5,426 m) are spectacular wonders. Discover the rich fauna of the Salinas National Reserve situated along the route to the canyon. It teems with vicuñas, the elegant cousin of the llama. It is said that the vicuña produces the finest fiber in the world. You may also spot Andean flamingos and vizcachas (the Andean chinchilla).

Cruz del Condor

Another unmissable attraction of Colca Canyon is the natural viewpoint "Cruz del Condor," located approximately 40 km from the town of Chivay. Below it winds the Colca River, 1,200 m down, while facing it stands the Mismi volcano (5,597 m). Cruz del Condor is the strategic vantage point to observe all the attractions of Colca valley and the famous Andean condor, one of the world's largest birds.

Andean Condor

These scavenging raptors nest in the most inaccessible crevices of the canyon. Their wingspan can reach 3.5 meters. A mythical bird revered by the Incas, the Andean condor is an accomplished glider. A must-see during your trek through the canyon.

Villages of the Canyon

Perched at 3,700 m altitude, Chivay is the first notable village marking your arrival in the canyon. Despite its limited tourist appeal, it boasts a viewpoint offering panoramic views of the entire region. Geothermal tourism is Chivay's true pride and attraction. After long hours of travel, relaxing moments in the thermal baths will do you good. Restaurants, inns and starred hotels abound in the area. A 20-minute walk from the village of Cabanaconde lies the viewpoints of Achachihua and Cejana. This is the starting point for trekking to explore the canyon. You can also visit the village of Yanque, nestled 7 km from Chivay. Its church and main plaza are truly special.

What to Do?

The canyon is a major tourist destination, promising an extraordinary trekking experience. Don't miss the ruins of Kallimarca, located an hour and a half's walk from Cabanaconde village. This pre-Incan religious site offers lovely panoramic views of agricultural terraces, Cabanaconde village and Hualca-Hualca volcano. Don't overlook other tourist sites in the surrounding area: Chimpa fortress, Uyo-Uyo ruins and Mucurca lagoon. But for hikers, Colca's main appeal lies in the trekking opportunities the lower canyon offers, departing from Cabanaconde. Multi-day treks are possible between oases, waterfalls, suspension bridges, thermal springs and all with accommodation in local homes.

Adventure sports are among the flagship activities within Colca Canyon: mountain biking, horseback rides on the trails, river rafting near waterfalls and cascades… Plenty of adrenaline to enhance your stay in Peru.

Climate

Since it's warm most of the year, Colca Canyon's climate is favorable for visiting. Still, prepare appropriate clothing and blankets, as nighttime temperatures drop to 5°C. During the day, they can reach 20°C.

For trekking and hiking, plan your trip between April and September. These are the dry seasons in the region. However, the first three months of the year are rainy. Note that the coldest months are June, July and August. Tailor your Peruvian journey according to the region's climate.

Arequipa's international airport, named Rodríguez Ballon Airport, is your landing point. From there, several transport companies can take visitors to Chivay. You can use the services of tour agencies with vehicles available for guided visits. The local bus, departing from Arequipa's terminal, is also an option for reaching Colca Canyon.

Buses and colectivos are at your disposal.